4,714 research outputs found
On Achievable Rates of the Two-user Symmetric Gaussian Interference Channel
We study the Han-Kobayashi (HK) achievable sum rate for the two-user
symmetric Gaussian interference channel. We find the optimal power split ratio
between the common and private messages (assuming no time-sharing), and derive
a closed form expression for the corresponding sum rate. This provides a finer
understanding of the achievable HK sum rate, and allows for precise comparisons
between this sum rate and that of orthogonal signaling. One surprising finding
is that despite the fact that the channel is symmetric, allowing for asymmetric
power split ratio at both users (i.e., asymmetric rates) can improve the sum
rate significantly. Considering the high SNR regime, we specify the
interference channel value above which the sum rate achieved using asymmetric
power splitting outperforms the symmetric case.Comment: 7 pages, to appear in Allerton 201
Methods for Analyzing Pathways through a Physics Major
Physics Education Research frequently investigates what students studying
physics do on small time scales (e.g. single courses, observations within
single courses), or post-education time scales (e.g., what jobs do physics
majors get?) but there is little research into how students get from the
beginning to the end of a physics degree. Our work attempts to visualize
students paths through the physics major, and quantitatively describe the
students who take physics courses, receive physics degrees, and change degree
paths into and out of the physics program at Michigan State University.Comment: submitted to Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings 201
Modeling student pathways in a physics bachelor's degree program
Physics education research has used quantitative modeling techniques to
explore learning, affect, and other aspects of physics education. However,
these studies have rarely examined the predictive output of the models, instead
focusing on the inferences or causal relationships observed in various data
sets. This research introduces a modern predictive modeling approach to the PER
community using transcript data for students declaring physics majors at
Michigan State University (MSU). Using a machine learning model, this analysis
demonstrates that students who switch from a physics degree program to an
engineering degree program do not take the third semester course in
thermodynamics and modern physics, and may take engineering courses while
registered as a physics major. Performance in introductory physics and calculus
courses, measured by grade as well as a students' declared gender and ethnicity
play a much smaller role relative to the other features included the model.
These results are used to compare traditional statistical analysis to a more
modern modeling approach.Comment: submitted to Physical Review Physics Education Researc
Examining the relationship between student performance and video interactions
In this work, we attempted to predict student performance on a suite of
laboratory assessments using students' interactions with associated
instructional videos. The students' performance is measured by a graded
presentation for each of four laboratory presentations in an introductory
mechanics course. Each lab assessment was associated with between one and three
videos of instructional content. Using video clickstream data, we define
summary features (number of pauses, seeks) and contextual information (fraction
of time played, in-semester order). These features serve as inputs to a
logistic regression (LR) model that aims to predict student performance on the
laboratory assessments. Our findings show that LR models are unable to predict
student performance. Adding contextual information did not change the model
performance. We compare our findings to findings from other studies and explore
caveats to the null-result such as representation of the features, the
possibility of underfitting, and the complexity of the assessment.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, submitted to the PERC 2018 proceeding
No-Scale Inflation
Supersymmetry is the most natural framework for physics above the TeV scale,
and the corresponding framework for early-Universe cosmology, including
inflation, is supergravity. No-scale supergravity emerges from generic string
compactifications and yields a non-negative potential, and is therefore a
plausible framework for constructing models of inflation. No-scale inflation
yields naturally predictions similar to those of the Starobinsky model based on
gravity, with a tilted spectrum of scalar perturbations: , and small values of the tensor-to-scalar perturbation ratio ,
as favoured by Planck and other data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB).
Detailed measurements of the CMB may provide insights into the embedding of
inflation within string theory as well as its links to collider physics.Comment: Invited contribution to the forthcoming Classical and Quantum Gravity
focus issue on "Planck and the fundamentals of cosmology". 22 pages, 7
figures, uses psfra
A No-Scale Inflationary Model to Fit Them All
The magnitude of B-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background as
measured by BICEP2 favours models of chaotic inflation with a quadratic potential, whereas data from the Planck satellite favour a small
value of the tensor-to-scalar perturbation ratio that is highly consistent
with the Starobinsky model. Reality may lie somewhere between these
two scenarios. In this paper we propose a minimal two-field no-scale
supergravity model that interpolates between quadratic and Starobinsky-like
inflation as limiting cases, while retaining the successful prediction .Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
Phenomenological Aspects of No-Scale Inflation Models
We discuss phenomenological aspects of no-scale supergravity inflationary
models motivated by compactified string models, in which the inflaton may be
identified either as a K\"ahler modulus or an untwisted matter field, focusing
on models that make predictions for the scalar spectral index and the
tensor-to-scalar ratio that are similar to the Starobinsky model. We
discuss possible patterns of soft supersymmetry breaking, exhibiting examples
of the pure no-scale type , of the CMSSM type with
universal and at a high scale, and of the mSUGRA type with
boundary conditions at the high input scale. These may be
combined with a non-trivial gauge kinetic function that generates gaugino
masses , or one may have a pure gravity mediation scenario where
trilinear terms and gaugino masses are generated through anomalies. We also
discuss inflaton decays and reheating, showing possible decay channels for the
inflaton when it is either an untwisted matter field or a K\"ahler modulus.
Reheating is very efficient if a matter field inflaton is directly coupled to
MSSM fields, and both candidates lead to sufficient reheating in the presence
of a non-trivial gauge kinetic function.Comment: 41 pages, 6 figure
Predicting time to graduation at a large enrollment American university
The time it takes a student to graduate with a university degree is mitigated
by a variety of factors such as their background, the academic performance at
university, and their integration into the social communities of the university
they attend. Different universities have different populations, student
services, instruction styles, and degree programs, however, they all collect
institutional data. This study presents data for 160,933 students attending a
large American research university. The data includes performance, enrollment,
demographics, and preparation features. Discrete time hazard models for the
time-to-graduation are presented in the context of Tinto's Theory of Drop Out.
Additionally, a novel machine learning method: gradient boosted trees, is
applied and compared to the typical maximum likelihood method. We demonstrate
that enrollment factors (such as changing a major) lead to greater increases in
model predictive performance of when a student graduates than performance
factors (such as grades) or preparation (such as high school GPA).Comment: 28 pages, 11 figure
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